PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.
